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Carvana (CVNA) insider buying and selling

Get an email when an insider buys Open-market purchases are rare: the insider is spending their own money. One email the day the Form 4 lands, with the filing linked. It needs a free account, and the alert arrives off: you turn it on yourself.

Every Table I transaction reported by directors and officers of S&P 500 companies on SEC Form 4 filings (2 business days to file): each row labeled with its official transaction code, nothing filtered out beforehand.

Open-market purchases (code P) are the rare signal, in green; sales (code S) are common and often pre-scheduled (10b5-1). Table II (derivatives) is not included: its prices are exercise prices, not market values. Guide: insider buying.

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Insider transactions filed on SEC Form 4: date, company, insider, role, shares, price, amount, percentage of the holding and transaction type.
Date Ticker Insider Role Shares Price Amount % of stake Type / filing

Download these transactions as CSV No account, no sign-up. The data is public: it comes from SEC Form 4 filings.

Carvana Co. (CVNA) insider buying and selling: 2 purchases, 123 sales

310 Form 4 Table I transactions filed with the SEC by Carvana Co. insiders between 2025-08-26 and 2026-10-13 (15-month history): 2 open-market purchases and 123 sales, plus 185 transactions under other Form 4 codes, broken down one by one below. The largest open-market trade is a sale of $35.2M by Gill Daniel J. on 2025-12-08.

Carvana insider buying and selling over the last 12 months

Between Oct 21, 2025 and Oct 20, 2026, Carvana insiders filed 2 purchases worth $1.5M and 71 sales worth $273.6M on the open market. The net balance is on the sell side: $272.0M more sold than bought.

The biggest buyer was Maroone Michael E (Director): $1.5M in 2 purchases, the only buyer. The biggest seller was Huston Benjamin E. (Chief Operating Officer): $66.2M in 13 sales, out of 11 different sellers.

The largest trade of the period was a sale of $35.2M on Dec 8, 2025, by Gill Daniel J. (Chief Product Officer), under a 10b5-1 plan. Form 4 on sec.gov (0001700538-25-000013).

Of the 71 sales, 58 (82%, $243.5M) carry the 10b5-1 plan flag on the Form 4, meaning they were scheduled months ahead; the other 13 do not.

The last three months show 1 purchase and 13 sales, against 0 and 13 in the three before. The latest purchase is from Jul 31, 2026; the latest sale from Oct 12, 2026.

Against its sector (Consumer Cyclical, 54 companies with an insider page on this site), over the same dates the median is 9 sales and 0 purchases on the open market. Carvana has more sales than 51 of the other 53, ranks 7 of 54 by net dollars sold, and 18 of the 54 have at least one purchase, Carvana included.

The 20 most important trades

The 2 open-market purchases first, then the rest, each type from largest to smallest. The full history is in the tool above, already searched.

See all 310 CVNA trades in the full history →

Trade dateFiledInsiderRoleAmountCodeFiling
2026-07-312026-08-04Maroone Michael EDirector$1.5MP — Open-market purchase
4 Form 4 footnotes

F1 The Reporting Person realized short-swing profits under Section 16(b) as a result of the purchase reported on this Form 4 being matched against the sale of 5 shares of the Issuer's Class A common stock within the preceding six months. Prior to filing, the Reporting Person paid Carvana Co. the full $64.87 in disgorgeable profits; no further disgorgement is owed.

F2 The price reported above reflects the volume weighted average purchase price. The Reporting Person undertakes to provide, upon request by the SEC staff, the Issuer, or a security holder of the Issuer, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each price

F3 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $61.28 to $62.25, inclusive.

F4 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $62.29 to $62.50, inclusive.

SEC
2026-01-082026-06-04Maroone Michael EDirector$2kP — Open-market purchase

Indirect holding, through: By Family Trust FBO Michael E. Maroone

3 Form 4 footnotes

F1 The transactions reported herein were effected by an investment manager with discretionary authority over an account of the Family Trust FBO Michael Maroone (the "Trust") without the knowledge or direction of the Reporting Person. The Reporting Person first became aware of the transactions on June 1, 2026 and is filing this Form 4 promptly upon discovery. Upon discovery, the Reporting Person notified the Issuer and implemented measures with the manager to prevent future occurrences.

F2 The Issuer effected a 5-for-1 forward stock split on May 7, 2026 that is exempt under Rule 16a-9(a) and is not reported on this Form 4.

F3 Represents shares held directly by the Trust, where the Reporting Person is beneficiary and trustee.

SEC
2025-12-082025-12-10Gill Daniel J.Chief Product Officer$35.2MS — Open-market sale (scheduled 10b5-1)
Form 4 footnote

F1 The reported option exercises and sales were effected pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by the Reporting Person on December 13, 2024 (the "10b5-1 Plan").

SEC
2025-12-122025-12-12Gill Daniel J.Chief Product Officer$19.0MS — Open-market sale (scheduled 10b5-1)
4 Form 4 footnotes

F1 The reported option exercises and sales were effected pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by the Reporting Person on December 13, 2024 (the "10b5-1 Plan").

F2 The price reported above reflects the volume weighted average sale price. The Reporting Person undertakes to provide, upon request by the SEC staff, the Issuer, or a security holder of the Issuer, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each price.

F3 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $475.00 to $475.91 inclusive.

F4 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $476.00 to $476.01 inclusive.

SEC
2025-12-082025-12-10Huston Benjamin E.Chief Operating Officer$17.6MS — Open-market sale (scheduled 10b5-1)
Form 4 footnote

F1 The reported option exercises and sales were effected pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by the Reporting Person on December 13, 2024 (the "10b5-1 Plan").

SEC
2025-12-082025-12-10Taira ThomasPresident, Special Projects$13.5MS — Open-market sale (scheduled 10b5-1)
Form 4 footnote

F1 The reported option exercise and sales were effected pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by the Reporting Person on August 8, 2025.

SEC
2025-12-032025-12-04Maroone Michael EDirector$12.4MS — Open-market sale (scheduled 10b5-1)
4 Form 4 footnotes

F1 The reported sale and option exercise was effected pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by the Reporting Person on May 30, 2025.

F2 The price reported above reflects the volume weighted average sale price. The Reporting Person undertakes to provide, upon request by the SEC staff, the Issuer, or a security holder of the Issuer, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each price.

F3 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $400.00 to $400.99, inclusive.

F4 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $401.02 to $401.32, inclusive.

SEC
2025-12-032025-12-04Taira ThomasPresident, Special Projects$10.0MS — Open-market sale (scheduled 10b5-1)
Form 4 footnote

F1 The reported sale was effected pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by the Reporting Person on August 8, 2025.

SEC
2025-10-312025-11-04Keeton Ryan S.Chief Brand Officer$9.8MS — Open-market sale
6 Form 4 footnotes

F1 The price reported above reflects the volume weighted average sale price. The Reporting Person undertakes to provide, upon request by the SEC staff, the Issuer, or a security holder of the Issuer, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each price.

F2 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $300.01 to $300.97, inclusive.

F3 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $301.01 to $301.83, inclusive.

F4 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $302.62 to $303.61, inclusive.

F5 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $303.62 to $304.59, inclusive.

F6 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $304.68 to $305.65, inclusive.

SEC
2025-12-122025-12-12Huston Benjamin E.Chief Operating Officer$9.5MS — Open-market sale (scheduled 10b5-1)
Form 4 footnote

F1 The reported option exercises and sales were effected pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by the Reporting Person on December 13, 2024 (the "10b5-1 Plan").

SEC
2025-12-082025-12-10Breaux Paul W.See Remarks$8.8MS — Open-market sale (scheduled 10b5-1)
Form 4 footnote

F1 The reported option exercises and sales were effected pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by the Reporting Person on June 10, 2025 (the "10b5-1 Plan").

SEC
2025-10-012025-10-02Breaux Paul W.See Remarks$6.0MS — Open-market sale (scheduled 10b5-1)
Form 4 footnote

F2 The reported option exercises and sales were effected pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by the Reporting Person on June 10, 2025 (the "10b5-1 Plan").

SEC
2025-09-092025-09-11Breaux Paul W.See Remarks$5.6MS — Open-market sale (scheduled 10b5-1)
Form 4 footnote

F1 The reported sales were effected pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by the Reporting Person on June 10, 2025 (the "10b5-1 Plan").

SEC
2025-09-102025-09-11Platt Ira J.Director$5.3MS — Open-market sale (scheduled 10b5-1)

Indirect holding, through: By Trust

2 Form 4 footnotes

F1 The reported sales were effected pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by the Reporting Person on June 2, 2025 (the "10b5-1 Plan").

F2 Represents shares of Class A common stock held directly by The Georgiana Platt and Successors Remainder Trust (the "Settlers Trust"). The Reporting Person's spouse is co-trustee and primary beneficiary of the Settlers Trust.

SEC
2026-02-022026-02-03Jenkins Mark W.Chief Financial Officer$5.2MS — Open-market sale (scheduled 10b5-1)
20 Form 4 footnotes

F2 The reported option exercises and sales were effected pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by the Reporting Person on August 5, 2024.

F3 The price reported above reflects the volume weighted average sale price. The Reporting Person undertakes to provide, upon request by the SEC staff, the Issuer, or a security holder of the Issuer, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each price.

F4 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $393.04 to $393.14 inclusive.

F5 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $396.10 to $396.39, inclusive.

F6 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $397.42 to $398.10, inclusive.

F7 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $399.03 to $399.55, inclusive.

F8 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $400.08 to $400.18 inclusive.

F9 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $403.66 to $404.10, inclusive.

F10 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $406.46 to $407.43, inclusive.

F11 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $407.47 to $408.39, inclusive.

F12 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $408.57 to $409.27 inclusive.

F13 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $409.57 to $410.55, inclusive.

F14 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $410.65 to $411.61, inclusive.

F15 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $411.68 to $412.67, inclusive.

F16 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $412.71 to $413.70, inclusive.

F17 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $413.73 to $414.68, inclusive.

F18 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $414.73 to $415.68, inclusive.

F19 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $415.74 to $416.73, inclusive.

F20 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $416.74 to $417.73, inclusive.

F21 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $417.80 to $418.58, inclusive.

SEC
2026-01-022026-01-05Jenkins Mark W.Chief Financial Officer$5.1MS — Open-market sale (scheduled 10b5-1)
27 Form 4 footnotes

F2 The reported option exercises and sales were effected pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by the Reporting Person on August 5, 2024.

F3 The price reported above reflects the volume weighted average sale price. The Reporting Person undertakes to provide, upon request by the SEC staff, the Issuer, or a security holder of the Issuer, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each price.

F4 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $391.19 to $392.08, inclusive.

F5 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $392.19 to $393.06, inclusive.

F6 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $393.35 to $394.27, inclusive.

F7 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $394.60 to $395.56, inclusive.

F8 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $395.79 to $396.54, inclusive.

F9 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $396.85 to $397.78 inclusive.

F10 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $397.91 to $398.88, inclusive.

F11 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $398.92 to $399.86, inclusive.

F12 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $399.96 to $400.93, inclusive.

F13 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $400.97 to $401.95, inclusive.

F14 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $401.99 to $402.98, inclusive.

F15 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $403.06 to $403.97, inclusive.

F16 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $404.07 to $405.03, inclusive.

F17 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $405.13 to $405.79, inclusive.

F18 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $407.13 to $407.16, inclusive.

F19 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $408.59 to $409.52, inclusive.

F20 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $409.74 to $410.36, inclusive.

F21 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $411.54 to $411.90, inclusive.

F22 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $412.86 to $413.79, inclusive.

F23 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $413.93 to $414.66, inclusive.

F24 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $414.94 to $415.79, inclusive.

F25 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $416.17 to $416.35, inclusive.

F26 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $417.18 to $418.17, inclusive.

F27 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $418.38 to $418.97, inclusive.

F28 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $419.43 to $420.15, inclusive.

SEC
2025-10-012025-10-02Jenkins Mark W.Chief Financial Officer$5.0MS — Open-market sale (scheduled 10b5-1)
17 Form 4 footnotes

F2 The reported option exercises and sales were effected pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by the Reporting Person on August 5, 2024.

F3 The price reported above reflects the volume weighted average sale price. The Reporting Person undertakes to provide, upon request by the SEC staff, the Issuer, or a security holder of the Issuer, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each price.

F4 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $379.64 to $380.62, inclusive.

F5 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $380.96 to $381.70, inclusive.

F6 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $382.65 to $383.64, inclusive.

F7 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $383.65 to $384.63, inclusive.

F8 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $384.66 to $385.43, inclusive.

F9 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $385.66 to $386.65, inclusive.

F10 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $386.69 to $387.07, inclusive.

F11 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $387.69 to $388.51, inclusive.

F12 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $389.21 to $390.20, inclusive.

F13 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $390.21 to $391.19, inclusive.

F14 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $391.22 to $392.21, inclusive.

F15 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $392.34 to $393.16, inclusive.

F16 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $393.42 to $394.37, inclusive.

F17 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $394.53 to $395.52, inclusive.

F18 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $395.56 to $395.59, inclusive.

SEC
2026-05-012026-05-01Jenkins Mark W.Chief Financial Officer$4.9MS — Open-market sale (scheduled 10b5-1)
20 Form 4 footnotes

F3 The reported option exercises and sales were effected pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by the Reporting Person on August 5, 2024.

F4 The price reported above reflects the volume weighted average sale price. The Reporting Person undertakes to provide, upon request by the SEC staff, the Issuer, or a security holder of the Issuer, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each price.

F5 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $377.98 to $378.95 inclusive.

F6 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $379.01 to $380.00 inclusive.

F7 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $380.04 to $381.03 inclusive.

F8 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $381.04 to $381.94 inclusive.

F9 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $382.19 to $383.11 inclusive.

F10 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $383.41 to $384.10 inclusive.

F11 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $384.65 to $385.64 inclusive.

F12 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $385.69 to $386.64 inclusive.

F13 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $386.75 to $387.68 inclusive.

F14 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $387.77 to $388.72 inclusive.

F15 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $388.80 to $389.73 inclusive.

F16 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $389.80 to $390.74 inclusive.

F17 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $390.91 to $391.77 inclusive.

F18 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $392.08 to $392.70 inclusive.

F19 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $393.13 to $393.99 inclusive.

F20 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $394.18 to $394.85 inclusive.

F21 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $395.32 to $396.05 inclusive.

F22 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $396.78 to $397.43 inclusive.

SEC
2025-12-012025-12-02Jenkins Mark W.Chief Financial Officer$4.8MS — Open-market sale (scheduled 10b5-1)
12 Form 4 footnotes

F2 The reported option exercises and sales were effected pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by the Reporting Person on August 5, 2024.

F3 The price reported above reflects the volume weighted average sale price. The Reporting Person undertakes to provide, upon request by the SEC staff, the Issuer, or a security holder of the Issuer, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each price.

F4 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $372.00 to $372.95, inclusive.

F5 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $373.03 to $374.02, inclusive.

F6 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $374.07 to $375.06, inclusive.

F7 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $375.07 to $376.06, inclusive.

F8 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $376.08 to $377.07, inclusive.

F9 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $377.09 to $378.05, inclusive.

F10 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $378.09 to $379.06, inclusive.

F11 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $379.09 to $380.04, inclusive.

F12 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $380.36 to $381.35, inclusive.

F13 This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $381.37 to $382.06, inclusive.

SEC
2025-12-122025-12-12Taira ThomasPresident, Special Projects$4.8MS — Open-market sale (scheduled 10b5-1)
Form 4 footnote

F1 The reported option exercise and sales were effected pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by the Reporting Person on August 8, 2025.

SEC

The period balance: money in, money out

Across the Form 4 filings submitted between Aug 26, 2025 and Oct 13, 2026, Carvana Co. open-market activity adds up to 2 purchases worth $1.5M and 123 sales worth $432.2M. The net balance is $430.7M on the sell side.

Only codes P and S count, where an insider puts in or takes out their own money. A selling balance like Carvana Co.'s is the norm in the S&P 500, where much of the pay comes as stock. It is not a recommendation to buy or sell: it is what was filed.

Every transaction, code by code

CodeWhat it meansTradesReported amount
SOpen-market sale123$432.2M
FTax withholding (shares surrendered for taxes)119$66.2M
MOption exercise42$11.8M
AGrant or award19$0
GGift2$0
POpen-market purchase2$1.5M
WAcquisition or disposition by will2$0
JOther transaction (explained in the filing)1$0
TotalEverything filed in the period310$511.8M

24 of the 310 rows carry no usable amount on the Form 4: they count as trades and add $0. The code labels come from the SEC index.

Who has traded

Over the 15 months of history, 13 distinct people or entities have filed Carvana Co. transactions: 1 bought on the open market and 12 sold. Counted by CIK, the fixed number the SEC gives each filer, and not by name, which each filer types their own way.

Of the 12 who sold on the open market (123 sales in all), the three biggest sellers account for $260.9M of the $432.2M: 60% of the money in three people.

FilerRoleTransactionsBought (count)Sold (count)Last filed
Garcia Ernest C. IiiChief Executive Officer60—$123.9M (43)2026-10-05
Huston Benjamin E.Chief Operating Officer43—$73.7M (15)2026-10-05
Jenkins Mark W.Chief Financial Officer45—$63.4M (14)2026-10-05
Gill Daniel J.Chief Product Officer21—$54.2M (2)2026-10-05
Taira ThomasPresident, Special Projects32—$37.2M (13)2026-10-13
Breaux Paul W.See Remarks26—$25.1M (5)2026-10-05
Keeton Ryan S.Chief Brand Officer23—$24.3M (5)2026-10-05
Maroone Michael EDirector7$1.5M (2)$12.4M (3)2026-08-04

Shown here are the 8 who moved the most money, out of 13. The rest are in the full history, one link above. The name links to all their trades, in any company. "Transactions" counts any code; the money, open market only. Role: from their latest filing.

Month by month

By the month the trade was executed, not the month it was filed; months with no trades show zero. The busiest month was Sep 2025: 0 purchases and 32 sales, worth $97.7M. None of the 15 months is blank.

MonthPurchasesAmountSalesAmount
Aug 20250$07$22.0M
Sep 20250$032$97.7M
Oct 20250$014$48.7M
Nov 20250$010$23.9M
Dec 20250$015$148.3M
Jan 20261$2k4$10.1M
Feb 20260$05$10.2M
Mar 20260$06$8.9M
Apr 20260$04$8.7M
May 20260$04$9.6M
Jun 20260$06$10.8M
Jul 20261$1.5M3$8.1M
Aug 20260$06$11.0M
Sep 20260$04$9.7M
Oct 20260$03$4.6M

The last month may be partial: a Form 4 is filed up to two business days later. The table does not say whether the pattern is good or bad; it says when it happened.

Carvana Co. (CVNA) analysis page →

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How to read this data

17 of the 18 sales in the table are flagged as scheduled (10b5-1 plan): signed months ahead and executed automatically, so they say nothing about what the insider thinks today. Carvana's 2 open-market purchases (code P) are the rare signal: insiders are already paid in stock, so buying more means putting in their own money. The latest filing is from Oct 13, 2026, and a Form 4 arrives up to two business days after the trade.

20 of the 20 rows in the table carry footnotes from the Form 4 itself, folded into the code column and copied verbatim; a row with no footnote means the filing has none.

Guide: Insider buying · all guides

What is behind these trades

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Source: SEC EDGAR Form 4. This is a list of public facts, not financial advice or a recommendation to buy or sell.

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